Voices » Michael Watkins » Welcome to the Panopticon: Are Leaders Under Too Much Scrutiny?
1:28 PM Friday May 4, 2007
In the late eighteenth century Jeremy Bentham, an English philosopher and proponent of legal reform, proposed a new type of prison he called the Panopticon (meaning "all-seeing").The prison was designed such that all the inmates could be observed by a centrally-located warden (Bentham's drawing of the circular prison with the central observation point is reproduced below). Critically, the prisoners were unable to tell at any given moment whether or not they were being observed. The goal was to create what Bentham described as a debilitating "sentiment of an invisible omniscience" and "a new mode of obtaining power of mind."
Reading about the recent falls from grace of John Browne at BP , Marilee Jones at MIT, and Steve Heyer at Starwood got me thinking about the strange inversion in power relations that is transforming our world. We used to worry a lot about an Orwellian "big brother" observing our every move. We used to fret about "who watches the watchers." We were concerned that technology would allow the powerful to control the multitudes.
But we are hurtling toward something that could be far worse, the multitudes observing every act of the powerful, waiting (even hoping) for the fatal flaw to emerge, and then inciting the web-based mob to cry for blood. As the recent case in which Directors at Wal-Mart were allegedly and unknowingly being taped during Board meetings suggests, anyone worth watching is increasingly being watched. As Alec Baldwin recently learned to his sorrrow, one price of stardom is having your (inappropriate, but private) voice mail messages to your daughter, taken out of context, broadcast throughout the universe.
This is not to say, obviously, that I think we should condone lying in court about how you met a lover (Browne's admitted offence), lying on one's resume to get a job (Jones'), or violating company policies concerning fraternization with employees (the allegation against Heyer). Nor am I saying that increasing transparency in corporate governance or holding leaders to higher ethical standards is a bad thing.
But when do we cross the line from appropriate safeguards to paralyzing surveillance? In a world where everyone worth watching is being microscopically observed, how do we avoid creating profound disincentives for people to seek higher office? Do we want to live in a state in which, to quote the old proverb "the tallest stalk of grain is the first to fall to the scythe." Would we not be wise to recall the admonition of the Gospel of John 8:7, "Let he that is without sin cast the first stone?"
Left unchecked, it seems that we will end up with everyone watching everyone else's every move. We all could end up living in own personal panopticons.
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Michael Watkins is co-founder of Genesis Advisers, an executive on-boarding and transition acceleration company. He is the author of The First 90 Days: Critical Success Strategies for New Leaders at All Levels and developer of the Leadership Transitions e-learning program. His work on government includes The First 90 Days in Government, the Leadership Transitions in Government e-learning system, and Predictable Surprises: The Disasters You Should Have Seen Coming and How to Avoid Them.
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Comments
Very insightful. This is a theme I've noticed a lot.
I'm sure it contributes to China and soon others surpassing the United States. They still are able to cooperate. We sue the pants off each other.
- Posted by tom sheepandgoats
May 5, 2007 6:22 PM
Yes! The corollary to a moralistic culture based on surveillance is the decline of an honor-based culture founded on ethics. Honor is about carrying out one's public roles with appropriate dignity and capability. Ethics are the habits and virtues of life that enable us to live among others with fine responsiveness. Morality tends to be about conforming passions to principles; combined with surveillance it produces deeply inhumane expectations of human beings with the result that hypocrisy, cruelty, and pandering become endemic.
- Posted by Kathy Davies
May 7, 2007 11:08 AM
Everything could be much simple if human himself had conscience on carrying out his tasks as much ethically as possible. The panopticon "sentiment of an invisible omniscience" could be well represented by guard men wearing sunglasses while observing multitudes at events. The principle of watching others create counter reaction that only deepens the whole matter and as the human mind is creative for nature...a lot more "inner" panopticons will be created...
- Posted by Pedro Cézar
May 10, 2007 9:41 PM
These are examples of the "lynch him" approach. A good organization should create a support culture from top to bottom. People today feel they need to say something. They should speak when they have positive/relevent words to contribute!
- Posted by Rich Verruni
May 13, 2007 1:53 PM
Reading some of the comments reminds me that some people have a guilty conscience. That's why I tell people to be careful what they say -- you never know who may be listening.
If there is nothing to hide then I could care less who is listening.
Additionally, do I need to remind everyone of the obvious. When you read of a high-level person (almost weekly) being arrested for pornography related reasons, it's time to wake up and take action. The honor system has long passed us by. It's sad, but the reality of it all is that controls must be incorporated. Otherwise, to turn our cheek the otherway makes us guilty of being an enabler.
- Posted by John Anderson
May 14, 2007 9:15 AM
Michael,
I definitely agree with the perspective you've laid out. You can add to it ... first companies started checking postings on the Internet by prospective employees (Should I be writing this? Will someone somewhere hold it against me?). Now, colleges are doing the same for prospective student applicants (Isn't teenage a time when most people make mistakes -- and expect these not to haunt them forever?). I could go on for a while, citing even more bizarre stories ...
However, my question is: is this a generational issue? Will the current generation, born in a world of no privacy, have a different perspective on John Browne et al. than we do? Or will they become more circumspect as they grow older and get into positions of power themselves? I honestly don't know the answer. Yet my future -- and yours -- depends on it.
- Posted by Amit Mukherjee
May 14, 2007 10:22 AM
Michael, thanks for the interesting article. I believe that leaders are given their fair amount of scrutiny. The reason being is that leaders do not get to be leaders on their own. Their followers give them their platform (i.e., voters, TV/radio audiences, employees, parents, customers, etc.) and therefore, leaders have a responsibility to lead their followers to a desired place in fairness and respect. Leaders must also be measured by their results. How else will we know their effectiveness? The mere title of leader makes one vulnerable to scrutiny.
Leadership is demonstrated not only in what a person says, but also in what a person does. What is in the heart comes out in words and deeds. Leaders have an incredible influence on follower behavior and therefore, have a responsibility to do what is ethical and moral lest they lead followers astray. Further, followers have a right to voice the character flaws of their leaders.
Perhaps if more leaders embraced Godly principles in their business practices, they would be more apt to admit their wrongs, sincerely apologize and change their behavior before it spirals out of control. The Bible reveals that "without vision, people will perish" and "bad seeds produce bad seeds." Perhaps there is a need for leaders to re-think the leader they want to portray to their followers if scrutiny is too much to handle.
- Posted by Dr. Virginia Sargent
May 17, 2007 8:24 AM
Please, stopo this nonsense. Our poor leaders being observed? Let us begin with a question: Why is someone called a leader? This may seem obvious, but at this point when the "leaders" in supposedly liberal school systems are opting for surveillance cameras in high schools we can't feel too sorry for them if citizens start poking around to see just how many times they've played golf with vendors of this equipment. If one takes on the title "leader" there must be some expectation that not everyone will willingly follow the program. It's silly to expect that a leader's actions would not be subject to public scrutiny if not ridicule. Lulu
- Posted by lulu gee
September 15, 2008 6:05 PM