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Likeability and Women’s Leadership

In late February, as Hillary Clinton embarked on her last ditch attempt to rescue her faltering campaign she decided to showcase her superior “leadership credentials.” In high profile speeches on foreign policy, which featured an impressive mix of hard-nosed realism and encyclopedic knowledge, she sought to differentiate herself from her soft-focused rival.

She fell flat on her face. For the umpteenth time, the press described her as hectoring, abrasive, and shrill. Toughmindedness and erudition don’t get women leaders high marks on the likeability scale. We seem to prefer our female leaders when they’re close to tears (think New Hampshire) or on the brink of throwing in the towel (think the closing moments of the Texas debate). Clinton’s approval ratings spiked after both these moments.

Clinton’s difficulties are all too familiar to female executives. The research shows that in corporate cultures strong females are often thoroughly disliked. In a 1990 study, D. Butler found that people respond negatively to assertive women. Assertive men, on the other hand, are admired as “managing for strong performance.” In a similar vein, M.E. Heilman (1994) found that when women speak out to defend their turf they are seen as “control freaks,” while men, acting the same way, are seen as highly committed. Much more recently, A. Eagly and L. Carli (2007) have found that self promotion is particularly risky for women. While self-aggrandizement in a man is seen as displaying confidence and competence, this is not the case for a woman. All too often, she is heartily disliked for her “boastfulness” and seen as much less deserving of support by bosses and subordinates. A particularly discouraging finding is that men and women share these negative takes on powerful females.

So what to do?

The good news is that leading edge corporations are beginning to take gender bias seriously. Cisco, for example, has rolled out a “microinequities” training program that seeks to tackle stereotype and stigma, rooting out the values and behaviors that causes us all to be complicit in the slights and subtle put downs that are the stuff of bias. The goal here is, of course, to create the conditions that let talented women explore their enormous strengths, without fearing that this will drive their “likeability quotient” into the basement.

And let's not forget that Clinton won in Ohio and Texas. The American public does like winners, even feisty female ones.

Are you working to be a likeable leader? How's that working out for you?

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Comments

Great article Sylvia,

I have studied leadership for years. Taking courses, reading everything possible about the subject, attending seminars, and picking the brains of business leaders. Your post touches upon everything I have learned.

There seems to be an intangible psychological bias that our emotions drive towards how we feel about male and female leaders actions. The origin of the bias is difficult to pinpoint. I would guess that it is a culmination of up-bringing, mass media, innate human behavioral responses, and other types of "Social Contamination". I believe emotional intelligence (EQ) training is critical in helping people realize, evaluate, and ponder the stimuli behind our emotions and the subsequent biases that drive them.

I just attended a seminar by a company called The Open Organization http://www.theopenorganization.com/ and they have developed a system based on emotional intelligence skills that today’s leaders and organizations must have. They do a great job at taking it one step further, by catering some of their seminars towards female executives and women in business.

I think their system provides a solid foundation to understanding and recognizing these biases and emotional triggers.

Thanks again Syliva

- Posted by Harley Lever
March 15, 2008 6:28 PM

Yet another example of political correctness gone array. The author and others would lead us to believe that the problem is not with Hillary, but with us; the under educated masses. The truth is much simpler than what the author reports – we don’t like Hillary because she tries too hard to act like a man. The key word here is “act”. There are plenty of strong women out there who earn the respect of the masses, the best example that I can think of is Condoleezza Rice. She is strong minded, direct, intelligent and self confident without having to act masculine. Hillary has many of the same traits, but she is continually in acting mode – “close to tears (think New Hampshire) or on the brink of throwing in the towel (think the closing moments of the Texas debate)”. She is not genuine, whether she is acting diminutive or authoritive and this is what turns off the masses. We can see through her manipulative posturing and it bothers us.

- Posted by Jeff
March 17, 2008 9:35 AM

I have personally experienced gender biases when it comes to leaders likeability. Yes, there are issues with the male stereotypes of leadership. But more recently I've come up against something even more sinister... female competition!

Whether it's jealousy, dislike or simply the sniff of a counterpart less inclined to bit back than the boys on the team, there's something that drives certain women to set against their female peers.

This of course will be nothing new to many women at the top. I've lived in denial of this phenomenon for years, only to recently have my first encounter of this kind and I now know it's a very real issue.

It seems, when it comes to likeability, the blokes are often easier to please than my female colleagues.

- Posted by thesheEO
March 26, 2008 6:52 AM

Denise Manka of NC spoke on this topic in a leadership conference held in Raleigh, NC, offered great motivation to today's young women, and had a ton of data to back up the growth in the state of NC on women in leadership roles. I wish she would write a motivational book.
Hats off!

- Posted by WomenInNC
June 14, 2008 11:18 PM

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About This Author

Sylvia Ann HewlettSylvia Ann Hewlett is an economist and the founding president of the Center for Work-Life Policy where she directs the “Hidden Brain Drain”—a task force of 35 global companies committed to fully realize female and minority talent. She also heads up the Gender and Policy Program at the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University.

She is the author of six critically acclaimed nonfiction books, including When the Bough Breaks (winner of a Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Book Prize), The War Against Parents (co-authored with Cornel West), Creating a Life (named as one of the best books of 2002 by Business Week) and, most recently, Off-Ramps and On-Ramps (Harvard Business School Press). She is the co-author of Harvard Business Review articlesLeadership in Your Midst: Tapping the Hidden Strengths of Minority Executives,” and “Extreme Jobs: The Dangerous Allure of the 70-Hour Workweek.Her articles have also appeared in the New York Times, the Financial Times, and the International Herald Tribune.

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